Utshwala bungesinye sezinyibilikisi zamakhemikhali ezivame kakhulu ekuphileni kwansuku zonke.Kuyinhlanganisela yezinto eziphilayo eneqembu okungenani elilodwa elisebenzayo le-hydroxyl (- OH) elihlanganiswe nama-athomu ekhabhoni agcwele.Khona-ke, ngokwenani lama-athomu ekhabhoni axhunywe kuma-athomu ekhabhoni anamaqembu asebenzayo e-hydroxyl, ahlukaniswa abe okuyisisekelo, okwesibili kanye nasezingeni eliphakeme.Kunezinhlobo ezintathu zezincibilikisi zamakhemikhali ezivame ukusetshenziswa ekuphileni kwansuku zonke.Ngokwesibonelo;I-Methanol (utshwala obuyinhloko), i-ethanol (utshwala obuyinhloko) kanye ne-isopropanol (utshwala besibili).
I-Methanol
I-Methanol, ebizwa nangokuthi i-methanol ngamanye amagama, iyikhemikhali enefomula yamakhemikhali ethi CH3OH.Iwuketshezi olukhanyayo, oluguquguqukayo, olungenambala, oluvuthayo olunephunga eliyingqayizivele lotshwala elifana ne-ethanol.I-Methanol ivame ukusetshenziswa njenge-solvent, i-antifreeze, i-formaldehyde kanye nesengezo sikaphethiloli elabhorethri.Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngenxa yokungahlangani kwayo, iphinde isetshenziswe njengesinciphisi sopende.Kodwa-ke, i-methanol ingutshwala obunomdlavuza futhi obunobuthi.Uma uhogelwe noma ugwinywe, kuzodala ukungasebenzi kahle kwezinzwa nokufa.
I-Ethanol
I-Ethanol, eyaziwa nangokuthi i-ethanol noma utshwala obusanhlamvu, iyinhlanganisela, utshwala obulula obunefomula yamakhemikhali ethi C2H5OH.Iwuketshezi oluguquguqukayo, oluvutha umlilo, olungenambala olunephunga elincane lesici, ngokuvamile olufana nophuzo oludakayo, njengewayini noma ubhiya.I-Ethanol ingaphuzwa ngokuphephile, kodwa sicela ugweme ukusetshenziswa ngokweqile ngenxa yokulutheka kwayo.I-Ethanol iphinde isetshenziswe njenge-solvent ephilayo, isakhi esibalulekile semikhiqizo kadayi ne-pigment, izimonyo nezidakamizwa zokwenziwa.
Isopropyl utshwala
I-Isopropanol, evame ukubizwa ngokuthi isopropanol noma i-2-propanol noma utshwala bangaphandle, enefomula yamakhemikhali ethi C3H8O noma i-C3H7OH, iyinhlanganisela engenambala, evuthayo nephunga elinamandla, esetshenziswa ngokuyinhloko njenge-solvent kuma-preservatives, ama-disinfectants kanye ne-detergents.Lolu hlobo lotshwala luphinde lusetshenziswe njengengxenye eyinhloko yotshwala bangaphandle nezihlanzisi zezandla.Iyaguquguquka futhi izoshiya umuzwa opholile uma isetshenziswa ngokuqondile esikhumbeni esingenalutho.Nakuba kuphephile ukusetshenziswa esikhumbeni, i-isopropanol, ngokungafani ne-ethanol, ayiphephile ngoba inobuthi futhi ingabangela ukulimala kwesitho uma ihogela noma igwinywa.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Sep-19-2022