Ukwenza mhlophe noma ukumhlophe kuyisihloko esinempikiswano kakhulu.Inikeza izindlela ezikhangayo zokuthuthukisa ibala lakho.
Ziningi izindlela zokwenza isikhumba sibe lula.Lezi zihlanganisa okhilimu besikhumba abakhethekile kanye nokwelashwa nge-laser.Ngenxa yentengo ephansi nokuphepha okuphezulu, abantu abaningi bakhetha okhilimu besikhumba.
Uma ucabangela umkhiqizo omhlophe, kunezinto ezithile okudingeka uzazi kuqala.Lesi sihloko sichaza izici ezibaluleke kakhulu, ikakhulukazi izithako.
Ukukhanya kwesikhumba ngokuyisisekelo kubhekisela ekusetshenzisweni kwemithi ekhethekile noma izinto ukuze kuthuthukiswe noma kukhanye ithoni yesikhumba.Abantu basebenzisa amagama ahlukene ukuyichaza, okuhlanganisa ukwenza mhlophe, ukukhanyisa noma ukwenza isikhumba sibe mhlophe.
Ukuchayeka kwesikhumba somuntu ezintweni eziningi kungabangela ukuba sibe buthuntu.Ukuguga, ukungcola, uthuli, ukungcola, imisebe ye-ultraviolet namakhemikhali (kuhlanganise nalawo asemikhiqizweni yokunakekelwa kwesikhumba) kungalimaza isikhumba.
Ukungondleki kahle, ukukhetha indlela yokuphila engenampilo kanye nokucindezeleka nakho kungaba nomthelela omubi ekubukekeni kwesikhumba.
Lezi zici ezihlukahlukene zingabangela izinkinga ezihlukahlukene, okuhlanganisa imibuthano emnyama, amabala obudala, izibazi zezinduna namabala.
Abantu bathembele emikhiqizweni yokwenza mhlophe kanye nemithi yokwelapha ukuxazulula lezi zinkinga.Bawasebenzisela ukuthuthukisa noma ukubuyisela ithoni yesikhumba.
Ngemikhiqizo ekhanyisa isikhumba, ungakwazi ukufanisa izindawo zesikhumba ezinombala ogqamile nombala wesikhumba esizungezile.Lezi zindawo zihlanganisa izimpawu zokuzalwa, ama-moles, i-chloasma namathoni.
Ukukhanya kwesikhumba kuyinto eyenzeka emhlabeni wonke, nakuba kubikwa ukuthi kunesithakazelo esikhulu ekukhanyeni kwesikhumba e-Afrika, eMpumalanga Ephakathi naseNdiya.Ngo-2013, kubikezelwa ukuthi ngo-2018, imakethe yomhlaba wonke yomkhiqizo omhlophe wesikhumba izofinyelela cishe amaRandi ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingama-20.
Imikhiqizo kanye nezindlela zokwelapha zingasebenzisa izindlela ezahlukahlukene ukuze kuthuthukiswe ibala eliqhakazile nelihle.Kodwa izinto ezikhanyayo zisebenza ngokuyinhloko ngokuphazamisa ukukhiqizwa kwe-melanin noma ngokusiza ukuyibhubhisa.
I-Melanin iyinto eyinhloko edlala indima embala wesikhumba.Lolu uhlobo lwe-polymer emnyama.Baningi abantu abanesikhumba esimnyama.
Umzimba womuntu ukhiqiza le pigment ngokusebenzisa inqubo yokukhiqizwa kwe-melanin.Ososayensi bahlonze izinhlobo ezimbili eziyinhloko zento esikhumbeni nasezinweleni, okuyilezi: I-Eumelanin (emnyama noma ensundu) kanye ne-pheomelanin (ephuzi noma ebomvu).Uhlobo oluthile lwesikhumba luzonquma ithoni yaso.
Izibani eziningi zisebenza ngokuvimbela ukukhiqizwa kwezingulube.Lokhu bakwenza ngokunciphisa umsebenzi wama-enzyme athile afaka isandla kule nqubo.I-enzyme ephawulekayo ekuhlanganiseni i-tyrosinase.
Umzimba wakho uncike ku-L-tyrosine ukwenza i-melanin.Esinyathelweni sokuqala sokukhiqizwa kwe-melanin, i-tyrosinase iguqula le amino acid ibe yi-L-Dopa.Ama-Brighteners azama ukuvimbela inkulumo, ukusebenza noma umsebenzi wama-enzyme, ngaleyo ndlela avimbele ukukhiqizwa kwezingulube.
Ezinye izithako emikhiqizweni emhlophe zingasiza ukukhipha umbala.Basiza ukucekela phansi i-melanin esivele isemzimbeni.
Abantu abaningi bakhetha imikhiqizo yokwenza mhlophe isikhumba ngoba abanelisekile ngokusebenzisa izimonyo ukuze bathole isikhumba esilinganayo.Ngisho noma bengakwazi ukukukhokhela, bavame ukwesaba ukuthola ukwelashwa nge-laser.
Nokho, imikhiqizo ehlose ukuzuza ibala elikahle ngokuvamile ihlushwa i-rap embi.Ngokwemibiko, badala ezinye izinkinga ezahlukahlukene ezingabenza bangafaneleki nhlobo ukusetshenziswa.
Kuthiwa eminingi yale mikhiqizo iqukethe izithako eziyingozi.Kwezinye izimo, kuye kwatholakala ukuthi anamakhemikhali anobuthi angabangela izinkinga zesikhumba, kuhlanganise nomdlavuza.
Abantu bavame ukusebenzisa igama elithi “bleaching” uma bekhuluma ngalezi zindaba zokuphepha.Ngalesi sizathu, izinkampani zivame ukugwema ukuyisebenzisa ukuchaza imikhiqizo yazo.
Ukusetshenziswa kwezithako eziyingozi eminyakeni edlule kwenze ama-bleaching creams avalwa kwamanye amazwe.
Asiqondi ngokugcwele ukuthi kungani abanye abakhiqizi bekhetha lesi sithako esinobuthi.Ngokubheka ukutholakala kwezinye izindlela eziphephile noma zemvelo.Mhlawumbe lokhu kungase kube ngenxa yesifiso senzuzo ephezulu.
Ngezansi sixoxa ngezithako eziyingozi, lapho uzibona, kufanele ngokushesha ukufake ukhilimu omhlophe.Uzothola ulwazi mayelana nezithako eziphephile okufanele umkhiqizo ofanele ube nazo.
Lesi yisithako esidume kakhulu abakhiqizi abavame ukusifaka ezindleleni zokupheka.Manje, abantu abaningi bayaqaphela ubungozi bayo, okuholele ekutheni ezinye izinkampani zisebenzise izincazelo ezihlakaniphile zalokhu, njenge-mercury, i-mercuric ammonia noma i-mercury chloride.
I-Mercury isetshenziselwe ukwenza mhlophe isikhumba amashumi eminyaka.Uma isetshenziswa esikhumbeni, inamandla okunciphisa ukwakheka kwe-melanin, ngakho-ke iyadunyiswa kakhulu.Ukuze kwehliswe izindleko zokwenziwa komkhiqizi, intengo iphansi futhi kulula ukuyithola.
Kusukela lapho, amazwe/izifunda eziningi (kusukela ngeminyaka yawo-1970 e-Europe) avimbela ukusetshenziswa kwalo mkhiqizo ukwenza isikhumba sibe mhlophe.Le nto ivinjelwe futhi ihlukaniswa njengobuthi e-United States.
I-Mercury ingase ihlale esikhumbeni isikhathi eside, ngakho ingabangela ezinye izinkinga.Kungabangela ukuguga kwesikhumba kanye nezibazi ezingadingekile.Kukhona nemibiko yokuthi kuthinta ukusebenza kobuchopho futhi kubangela ukulimala kwezinso.Uma isetshenziswa abesifazane abakhulelwe noma omama abancelisayo, ingase ibangele izifo zobuchopho ezinganeni
Lokhu kungenye yezinto ezikhanyisa isikhumba ezisiza ukukhipha umbala.Ngokuvamile kunconywa ukuthi abantu abane-vitiligo bakhethe ukusebenzisa okhilimu noma izixazululo ze-topical eziqukethe i-benzophenone.Lesi sifo sibonakala ngezindawo ezikhanyayo nezimnyama esikhumbeni.I-compound isiza ukunciphisa i-pigment esikhumbeni futhi yenza ithoni yesikhumba ilingane.
Kodwa ingase ibhubhise ama-melanocyte futhi ikhiqize ama-melanosome adingekayo ukuze kuhlanganiswe i-melanin.Ngakho-ke, ukuyisebenzisa kungase kubangele ukushintsha kombala unomphela noma okungenakuhlehliswa.
Ngaphandle kwe-vitiligo, odokotela abancomi ukusetshenziswa kwe-monobenzophenone ngaphansi kwanoma yiziphi ezinye izimo.Kodwa uzomangala ukuthola ukuthi ezinye izinkampani zifaka ezimonyoni ezijwayelekile.Izinkinga ezingase zibe umphumela wokusebenzisa imikhiqizo enjalo zihlanganisa umbala ongalingani nokwanda kokuzwela elangeni.
Isithako esikhanyisa isikhumba siyaphazamisa, ukuze ukusisebenzisa kwakho sibe nemiphumela engalindelekile kwabanye.Kuthiwa uma isetshenziswa idala ukuguga kwabanye ngokuthinta isikhumba.
Uyamangala?Kungenzeka ukuthi ubungazi ngaphambili ukuthi kungenzeka ukuthi ama-steroid akhona emikhiqizweni emhlophe.Kodwa bangakwazi.
Ama-steroid angasiza ukwenza isikhumba sibe mhlophe ngezindlela ezahlukene.Enye yazo ihlobene nendlela anciphisa ngayo umsebenzi wama-melanocyte.Kodwa futhi zinganciphisa ukuguqulwa kwamangqamuzana esikhumba emvelo.
Kodwa-ke, kuyinkinga enkulu ukuthi lezi zinto eziphikisanayo azifakiwe kukhilimu omhlophe.I-Eczema ne-psoriasis yizifo ezimbili odokotela besikhumba abavame ukuzisebenzisa ukuzelapha.Inkinga yangempela ukusetshenziswa kwesikhathi eside.
I-steroids, kuhlanganise ne-corticosteroids, isetshenziselwa ngokukhethekile ukwelapha izifo zesikhumba ezivuthayo.Incwadi kadokotela kufanele futhi ikhishwe, okusho ukuthi kungcono ungazitholi kuzimonyo ezijwayelekile.Ukuzisebenzisa isikhathi eside kunganciphisa ukulimala okungapheli esikhumbeni.
Imikhiqizo eminingi yokunakekelwa kwesikhumba iqukethe amafutha amaminerali njengesithako.Umenzi uyisebenzisela ukusiza ukuthambisa isikhumba.Futhi ishibhile-ishibhile kunamafutha abalulekile emvelo.
Kodwa-ke, abantu bebekhathazekile ngokuthi lesi sithako singadala izinkinga zesikhumba.Amafutha amaminerali angavala izimbotshana zesikhumba sakho, kube nzima ukususa izinto eziyingozi.Ngakho-ke, ungase ube nezinkinga ezifana nezinduna nezinduna.Ukwenza izinto zibe zimbi nakakhulu, isithako sicatshangwa ukuthi sinomdlavuza.
Akufanele ngempela uthole izinzuzo zokukhanyisa isikhumba kulokhu.I-Parabens iyiqembu lama-preservatives.Abakhiqizi ikakhulukazi bawasebenzisa ukuze bandise impilo yeshalofu yezimonyo.
Izinkinga ezingase zidalwe yilesi sithako zihlanganisa ukuphazamiseka ohlelweni lwakho lwe-endocrine nezokuzala.Kuphinde kwatholakala ukuthi kwandisa amathuba okuba nomdlavuza.
Lapha, unezithako ezidume kakhulu emikhiqizweni yokunakekelwa kwesikhumba.IHydroquinone iyisidakamizwa esivimbela ukwakheka kwe-melanin ngokuvimba i-tyrosinase.Lokhu kusebenza kakhulu.Ngakho-ke, ngokuvamile itholakala kumakhilimu amaningi amhlophe.
Lesi asesabi njengezinye izithako eziyingozi.Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi ochwepheshe ngezinye izikhathi bayayincoma, ikakhulukazi inguqulo yokuhlushwa engu-2% (noma ephansi).Kodwa unquma kanjani amandla okhilimu abamhlophe, ikakhulukazi uma kungashiwongo?
Ngaphezu kwamandla, ukusetshenziswa kwesikhathi eside kwe-hydroquinone nakho kwandisa ingozi yemiphumela emibi.Kungase kubangele ukuguquguquka kwesikhumba, lapho kungaba khona unomphela.Lokhu kungase futhi kuthinte kabi ama-enzyme athile adlala indima ebalulekile emzimbeni womuntu.
Utshwala, i-dioxane ne-phthalates ngezinye izithako ezingaba yingozi okufanele uzinake kumakhilimu akhanyisa isikhumba sakho ukuze uvimbele amabala amnyama.
Uma ukhuluma ngama-agent okukhanyisa isikhumba emvelo, aphephile, uhlu luzobe lungaphelele uma lungafaki okukhishwe kwezithelo ze-citrus (njengamawolintshi nama-lemons).Lezi zinenzuzo, ikakhulukazi ngenxa yokuqukethwe kwazo kwe-vitamin C.Kukholakala ukuthi i-compound inezakhiwo ezimhlophe zesikhumba.
Kodwa-ke, kuvame kakhulu ukuthi abantu bakhulume nge-vitamin C ngokubanzi ngokubuka kwezinzuzo zesikhumba.I-compound inezindawo zokulwa ne-antioxidant futhi ingasiza ekuvimbeleni izimpawu zokuguga, njengemigqa emihle nemibimbi.
Ukukhishwa kwe-citrus nakho kukholakala ukuthi kunomthelela ekukhiqizeni i-collagen, eyimfihlo yesikhumba esiqinile, esitsha.Bangakwazi ukuthuthukisa ukuthungwa kwesikhumba futhi bakhuthaze ukukhula kwamangqamuzana amasha.
Lesi sithako sibizwa nangokuthi i-vitamin B3 futhi ngokuvamile itholakala emikhiqizweni yokunakekelwa kwesikhumba ephezulu.Esinye sezizathu zalokhu umphumela wokukhanya kwesikhumba.Kuyasiza ukunciphisa ukukhiqizwa kwe-melanin.
I-Nicotinamide ikhiqiza imiphumela ye-antioxidant futhi inezindawo zokulwa nokuvuvukala.Uzothola ukuthi igcina umswakama futhi isiza ukwenza isikhumba sibushelelezi futhi sithambile.Amavithamini asiza futhi ekulawuleni uwoyela wesikhumba.
Uma isetshenziswa ne-N-acetylglucosamine, ukusebenza kahle kwale vithamini kukholakala ukuthi kuyathuthukiswa.
Kungenzeka ukuthi uzwile ukuthi abanye abantu batusa ukusebenzisa izithelo (ezifana ne-mulberry, i-bearberry noma i-blueberry) ukuze wenze isikhumba sakho sibe mhlophe.Lokhu kungenxa yokuba khona kwenhlanganisela ebizwa ngokuthi i-arbutin, ebizwa nangokuthi i-hydroquinone-β-D-glucoside.
I-Arbutin isiza ukunciphisa ukukhiqizwa kwe-melanin emzimbeni.Inama-isomer amabili: u-α no-β.I-alpha isomer izinzile futhi ifaneleka kakhulu ekukhanyeni kwesikhumba.
Lesi sithako semvelo sibhekwa njengenye indlela ephephile kuma-decolorants adumile emikhiqizweni eminingi.Uma i-tyrosinase izovinjelwa, ifomu elihlanzekile lisebenza kakhulu.
Akuyona yonke into enegama elithi “asidi” eyingozi.Eziningi zalezi zinto zingokwemvelo futhi zinenzuzo.Ngakho ungesabi.
I-Azelaic acid iyingxenye yebhali nokunye okusanhlamvu, futhi isetshenziswa kakhulu ukwelapha induna nerosacea.I-pH yayo icishe ifane nesikhumba, ngakho iphephe kakhulu.
Abacwaningi bathole ukuthi lesi sithako singasiza nokwenza isikhumba sibe mhlophe.Ucwaningo luye lwabonisa ukuthi kuyindlela ephumelelayo yokwelapha ukuguga kwesikhumba.Kungasiza ukuvimbela ukukhiqizwa kwe-melanin.
Le molecule ye-tripeptide iyisithako esithandwayo sokulwa nokuguga esivikela isikhumba emonakalweni we-oxidative.Ukukhanyisa isikhumba kungenye yezinzuzo eziningi ezihambisana nakho.
I-Glutathione nayo inamandla okuvimbela ukulimala kwelanga.Ukwenza isikhumba sibe mhlophe ngokuvamile kunciphisa ikhono lakho lemvelo lokuvikela ilanga.Kodwa lesi sithako sinezakhi zokulwa ne-oxidant futhi singakuvikela emisebeni ye-UV.
Nokho, ochwepheshe bathi i-molecule ikwazi ukumunca kancane uma isetshenziswa endaweni.Enye indlela yokuxazulula le nkinga ukuwusebenzisa ngokuhambisana nezinye izidakamizwa (ezifana novithamini C).
Njengoba sonke sazi, amaShayina ayisebenzisela izinhlobo ezahlukene zezimo zesikhumba.Ucwaningo luye lwabonisa ukuthi okukhishwe esitshalweni se-licorice, ikakhulukazi i-galapudine, kunamandla okukhanyisa isikhumba.
Lezi zakhiwo zikholelwa ukuthi zikhanyisa isikhumba ngezindlela ezahlukene.Kodwa ikakhulukazi basebenza ngokuvimbela umsebenzi we-tyrosinase-mhlawumbe kuze kufike ku-50%.
Ucwaningo luye lwabonisa ukuthi ngenxa yokuthi ingavimbela ukwakheka kwe-melanin, ingenza isikhumba sibe mhlophe ngokuphumelelayo.Ikwenza lokhu ngokuvimbela umsebenzi we-tyrosinase.
I-Crystal powder iwumkhiqizo wokuvutshelwa kwerayisi elibilisiwe, elilungele kakhulu isikhumba esilimele futhi esibucayi.Ngokuvamile itholakala ngesikhathi sokukhiqizwa kwewayini lerayisi laseJapane.Kuthiwa amaJapan aseyisebenzise isikhathi eside ukwelapha ukuguga kwesikhumba.
Kufanele uqaphele ukuthi ihlukile kune-kojic acid dipalmitate ezinzile exazululwe ezinye izinkampani.Nakuba ezinye izithako zingasiza, kodwa azisebenzi njenge-kojic acid.
Lena enye yama-alpha hydroxy acid (AHA) amabili ahlolisiswe kakhulu-enye i-lactic acid.Ngenxa yobukhulu bawo wamangqamuzana, aziswa kakhulu ngekhono lawo lokungena ungqimba olungaphezulu lwesikhumba.
Abantu abaningi bayazi ukuthi i-glycolic acid iyi-exfoliant.Kuyasiza ukuthuthukisa ikhono lokuvuselela amangqamuzana futhi kususe amaseli esikhumba angenampilo noma afile.Kodwa lokhu kungaphezu kwalokho.
Ngalesi sithako, ungaba nesikhumba esikhanyayo.Ucwaningo luye lwabonisa ukuthi ingakusiza ukunciphisa ukukhiqizwa kwe-melanin emzimbeni wakho, ngaleyo ndlela kuthuthukise ithoni yesikhumba.
Nakuba ukwenza mhlophe noma ukwenza umbala ube mhlophe kungase kube isihloko esiyimpikiswano, akuwona wonke umuntu ongakwazi ukukukhokhela.Abantu abanezinkinga zesikhumba (njengamachashaza eminyaka yobudala, amabala, imibuthano emnyama nama-plaque) ngokuqinisekile ngeke basatshiswe imibiko emibi ngale nkinga.
Iqiniso liwukuthi abantu ngokuvamile abakwamukeli ukwenziwa mhlophe kwesikhumba ngenxa yamathuba okusabela okungekuhle.Incazelo eyinhloko yalolu hlobo lwenkinga ukuthi umenzi usebenzisa izithako eziyingozi, mhlawumbe ukwenza imali.Njengoba abathengi beba nolwazi oluthe xaxa, lo mkhuba oyingozi uyashintsha manje.
Njengoba ungabona ngenhla, kunezithako eziphephile, zemvelo ezingenza ibala lakho likhanye futhi libe nempilo.Udinga kuphela ukubheka le mikhiqizo phakathi kwemikhiqizo ohlela ukuyithenga.Ngaphambi kokuthenga, sicela wenze ucwaningo nganoma yiziphi ezinye izithako esingakazibalulanga lapha.
Amakhukhi adingekayo abaluleke kakhulu ekusebenzeni okuvamile kwewebhusayithi.Lesi sigaba siqukethe kuphela amakhukhi aqinisekisa imisebenzi eyisisekelo nezici zokuphepha zewebhusayithi.Lawa makhukhi awagcini noma yiluphi ulwazi lomuntu siqu.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Sep-22-2020